Thursday, May 24, 2012

What is Android: Introduction, History & Future


Android is Linux based mobile operating system for mobile devices, such as mobiles and smart phones. It is developed by Open Handset Alliance, led by Google and other companies.



The coming of Android changed the way mobile phone market operated. It was developed as an open source where developers and companies can use the common platform and develop applications known as ‘Apps’. These Apps can be integrated with Android OS and can be installed on wide variety of handsets, offered by companies like Sony, Samsung, HTC, LG, Google Nexus, Huawei and many more. It gave a direct competition to Apple’s Smart phone domination.

Users can download these applications from Google Play, the online store on Android Platform. The app developer can earn revenue by ads or making their apps chargeable.
Even small companies like MicroMax, Karbonn Mobiles in India benefitted from the coming of Android OS. They now offer a smart phone as low as Rs 4000 ($ 50)

Android is built on the open Linux Kernel. Furthermore, it utilizes a custom virtual machine that was designed to optimize memory and hardware resources in a mobile environment. Android is open source; it can be liberally extended to incorporate new cutting edge technologies as they emerge. The platform will continue to evolve as the developer community works together to build innovative mobile applications.

History

Android Inc. was founded in US in 2003. In August 2005 Google acquired Android making it a wholly owned subsidiary of Google.

On November 5, 2007, the Open Handset Alliance, consortium of several companies which include Broadcom CorporationGoogleHTCIntelLGMarvell Technology GroupMotorolaNvidiaQualcommSamsung ElectronicsSprint NextelT-Mobile and Texas Instruments unveiled itself. The goal of the Open Handset Alliance is to develop open standards for mobile devices. On the same day, the Open Handset Alliance also unveiled their first product, Android, a mobile device platform built on the Linux kernel version 2.6.

On December 9, 2008, 14 new members joined, including ARM HoldingsAtheros CommunicationsAsustek Computer IncGarmin LtdHuawei TechnologiesPacketVideoSoftbankSonyToshiba Corp, and Vodafone Group Plc.

There had been several versions of Android the current one is Android 4.0, i.e also known as Ice Cream Sandwich (ICS)

Future of Android

Google has recently acquired Motorola Mobility for $12.5 Billion, this means that Google wants to enter the Smart Phone market in a serious way. This can also slow down the pace of Android, as till now Google had no incentive to hold the safe licenses of Android. But now Google would want its phones to have exclusive features that can differentiate it from its competitors.

But one thing is sure, coming of Android reduced the dominance of Nokia, Blackberry to negligible; As they could not at that time predict the potential of open source and touch 
phones.

This pie chart shows US 2011 figure. 

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